Since the boiling point of CO 2 is -78.5☌, it's trivial to boil it all off after extraction. One paper I've read found that CO 2 the region right about 30˚C and a pressure right below 300 bar gave some of the highest yields when extracting basil. Varying the exact temperature and pressure will change the solubility of various compounds. Yeah thermodynamics! In this region there is no distinct liquid and gas phase. A supercritical fluid is a substance at a temperature and pressure above the critical point on its phase diagram. Possibly the coolest extraction method is supercritical fluid extraction. Plus it feels like real chemistry and you can get hurt! Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE!) The advantage is that you will generally get the the highest yields of the desired compound. Depending on your goal, many of these compounds are undesired. You will get essential oils, esters and heavy terpenes, fatty acids, triglycerides, waxes, resins, and some pigments. More components of plant matter are soluble in these solvents than in water. Solvents like chloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, ethoxyethane, methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, butane, and hexane are common. After all, water is the universal solvent! In this case I'm referring more to non-polar organic solvents (the ones with a low dielectric constant for an electronics reference). Technically hydrodistillation is a solvent extraction. Many compounds degrade at temperatures this high. One downside of hydrodistillation is that water doesn't boil until 100˚C. One advantage of using water is that your product will contain a lot less impurities due to their lower solubility. This is a mixture of the components that are water soluble. A third layer of hydrosols will often form. The vapor is condensed two layers form and can be separated by decantation. When heated, the two liquids form an azeotrope and boil off together. Hydrodistillation takes two main forms, one where the material to be extracted is mixed into the water, and one where steam is passed through a bed of the material. There are a handful of ways that I'm familiar with for extracting oils, volatiles, and other compounds of interest from solid materials. Rather than take 5 minutes to replant I decided it was time to blow all of my disposable income on some glass labware I'd wanted for years and extract the good stuff! It had started to yellow & was in serious need of a larger pot. Recently I had some basil growing in the kitchen that I wasn't using fast enough. At times I've had tomato plants going so well in one of my hydroponic setups that I couldn't reach them all! That became a mess. They are fun to take care of and a cheap source of food and ornamentals. For years, depending on my living situation, I've kept an indoor garden. There is something old–timey and satisfying about being the source of your own stuff. The basic extraction system is supplied complete with top moulds, air bath inserts support rods, 600 x 12 mm and a connection cable.I've always had a bit of a maker or DIY lean in my hobbies. The heating unit has a lacquered sheet steel casing with an enamelled top plate. Each heating unit has individual hotplates of 85 mm diameter with stepless heating control so that the temperature of each hotplate can be operated individually. The solvent can then be evaporated off to leave the fat.Ī 4 place and 6 place system is available. The material to be extracted is usually placed in a porous paper thimble and continuously condensing solvent allowed to perculate through it before returning to the boiling vessel either continuously or intermittently. In a practical agricultural context the method is usually applied to the determination of "oil content" in agricultural produce such as sunflower and other oil seeds. The soxhlet apparatus is ued for the continuous extraction of fats and oils from solid material using an organic solvent such as petroleum ether.
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